Persuasive Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive Memo - Assignment Example , it is the opinion of our legal department that we are not going to be in violation of any laws should be decide to with-hold healthcare coverage of part-time employees. Although our responsible research teams have assured us that we are not facing any legal backlash by withholding ACA coverage to our variable-hour employees (part-timers), it would still be best for us as a corporation to offer our variable hour employees access to a medical plan coverage which they may choose to accept or waive depending upon their personal ability to pay for the coverage. We are under no legal obligation to shoulder their health care coverage. However, other companies such as Trader Joes have offered similar plans to their employees with successful results as more part-time employees opt to shop for insurance coverage on their own based upon their own ability to pay. (University of Missouri System, â€Å"The Affordable Care Act†) An in-house survey of our variable-hour workers shows that they often have other jobs aside from the one that they currently hold with us. Their other jobs have also offered them the opportunity to either partake of company insurance coverage or procure their own health insurance coverage. It appears that they have mostly made their own arrangements for their individual insurance coverages. It is understood that our company values the contribution of our variable-hour workers to our companys growth and reliable income performance. Therefore, it would be in our best interests to still find a method by which we can care for our variable-hour employees health without giving them to same insurance coverage as our regular employees. We have come up with a list of possible recommendations for your approval. We can offer one or both of the above recommendations to our variable - time employees as an incentive for them to stay healthy and lessen their sick days. Kindly let me know as soon as you have decided upon a course of action based upon the

Themes In Spring Summer Fall Winter And Spring Philosophy Essay

Themes In Spring Summer Fall Winter And Spring Philosophy Essay Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter and Spring directed by Kim Ki-Duk is a beautiful film about a young Buddhist monk who progresses through the four seasons of life, from childhood to old age. Buddhism is a system of doctrine and practice largely based on the teachings of Gautama Siddhartha commonly known as the Buddha enlightened or awakened. The four central teachings of the Buddha are known as the Four Noble Truths. According to the Buddha, the real nature of the life and universe is nothing other than suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the way leading to the cessation of suffering. The Four Noble Truths are the fundamental teachings that all Buddhists learn. In the film, three important principles of Buddhism: Samsara, Attachment and Impermanence are elucidated. Samsara is the eternal life cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. Attachments are simple beliefs or delusions that becomes solidified as truth in our mind. Finally, Impermanence is the concept that everything changes and nothing stays the same. The film portrays the suffering of the world and the cause of our suffering is the self. This paper will analyze how the core principles of Buddhism; Samsara, Attachment, and Impermanence, provide an intricate balance between goodness, flaws and the nature of humans in the external world. Samsara is one of Buddhisms fundamental principles that represents the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. There are several examples of this in the film. The changing seasons from spring, summer, fall, winter, and finally spring again represents the metaphor for how Buddhists view the life cycle of a person. Furthermore each season is represented by a different animal: A Dog in the spring, Rooster in the summer, Cat in the fall, and finally a snake in the winter. The snake is the Old Monk who committed suicide to liberate himself from worldly attachments and is reincarnated in a different form. Buddhists believe that Samsara is driven by karma, which is a basic Buddhist theory that stands for action, work or deed. Your actions in life will determine where and how you will be reincarnated. When the boy was young, he tortures a defenseless frog, a snake and a fish, and when he is older he himself suffers from loss of his loved one and internal conflict. In the real world, the act ions of a person, whether good or bad, reflect the quality of his/her life. The cycle of Samsara is broken when one reaches Nirvana. Nirvana means the extinction of clinging; the elimination of the atma-graha (holding to the concept of the self) and dharma-graha (holding to the concept that things are real); and the eradication of the obstacle of defilement and the obstacle of knowledge. (Yun 1987, 50) One is freed from desire and therefore suffering. It illustrates the quiet state of mind that exists when the fire of attachment and desire are annihilated. The Buddhas teaching about attachment begins with the Four Noble Truths. The Truth of Suffering, the Truth of the Arising of Suffering, The Truth of the Cessation of Suffering and The Path leading to the Cessation of Suffering. Absent from the monastery, the young monk returns and is consumed with rage and jealously that forces him to commit murder. In the film the Master states Lust awakens the desire to possess. And that awakens the intent to murder. This is exactly what the young boy did when his worldly delusions led to possessives. The reason for suffering, desire, and lust is because the mind becomes attached to impermanent things and that blinds or alters reality. Everything, and thingness itself, is inseparable from suffering in some form, and that the false, ingrained illusion of I-ness is the cause of the greater part of it. (Humphreys 1969, 50) According to the Buddha, an individuals ego and self is an illusion, meaning there is no such thing as the self, only a set of rea ctions. There isnt a single soul that flows through our perception that isnt changing. When the young boy fell in love with the girl, it awakens his yearnings and lust for sex; his actions established an attachment that ended with murder. We can state that he was unaware of the consequences and did not realize that he was running from one thing to next in pursuit of something that did not exist. As desire increases, our thinking tends to become impractical. We lose the sense of well-grounded reason that is so important to the spiritual path. When the young boy returns to the monastery he tries to kill himself for the wrong deeds that he committed by putting pieces of paper that says shut. But in time the Old monk stops him and punishes him by making him carve the Buddhist sutras into the hermitages deck which brings piece to ones heart. After completing the sutras, the boy is taken into custody and the Old Monk prepares a pyre funeral for himself. Here the killing of oneself is symb olized differently for each monk. The young boy uses the shutting force for inner maturity verses the old monk does it for liberation. In this scene, the concept of attachment plays after the boy completes the sutras and realizes that life is suffering and that everything that we get attached to is impermanent. Impermanence also known as Anicca is central to Buddhas teachings that all things arise must change and decline, and they are but false appearances without any stable essence. (Yun 2001, 27) In the film the animals and the water around the temple change every season, illustrating the growth and the progression of time. The concept of change and impermanence is important in and of itself. Although the things in the world may seem substantial, when analyzed in detail they are essentially evanescent, an illusion which cannot be grasped. All that we can hold on to is a false appearance that is fundamentally devoid of all absolute qualities. The relationship between the young monk and the girl who visited the monastery to treat her soul is an example of impermanence. The young monk flourishes from having no desire to the worldly delusions such of lust, passion and suffering. The concept of impermanence plays when the girl leaves him for another man demonstrating that the world is subject to constant change. As the Master stated sometimes we have to let go of the things we like, what you like others will like as well. The boundaries of the mind are similar to the Buddhist monastery doors as well as the doors on the no walls inside the temple. We can always be conscious of our thoughts and follow the right path or we can choose to follow our desires without regards for any rules. The boy does the latter, follows his heart when the girl invites him to sleep with her. Buddhists believe that the concept of impermanence goes hand in hand with the concept of emptiness. Emptiness means that nothing has a permanent self-nature or essence. (Yun 2001, 28) In other words, nothing in the world has any permanence, definite or absolute fundamental nature. For example, when we face the inherent emptiness of our problems, we are better equipped to see through them and not react with passionate or violent emotions. This story of young boys progression to manhood was not without its obstacles but of resolution as well. He progresses from innocence to love, pain, redemption, and finally Nirvana, the ultimate goal of every Buddhist. Samsara represents the interconnectedness of actions in ones life towards people and nature and their faith after death. Everything that we desire and avoid in life is a form of attachment. It means that without particular person or thing, we cannot live or the obsession to get rid of something or someone that is in our lives. Finally the principles of Impermanence can simple mean reality. Everything that we do and feel is in constant change. A person may feel empty at one moment and overtime that feeling goes away and is replaced with different set of emotions. The teachings of Buddha although may be old but are still very relevant in todays world in which people are tempted on daily basis to pleasures of forbidden and incidences that questions ones morals. They teach love, self-control, obedience, and bring people together in a community setting with other followers. A person goes through many ups and downs in life but in every case finds a way to liberate his soul through mediation, prayer, and relationships.

What do Thomas Hardys short stories reveal about his society? :: English Literature

What do Thomas Hardy's short stories reveal about his society? Thomas Hardy was born 1840 and died 1924. He composed most of his writings between 1871 and 1912. From 1912 till death he wrote poetry. Hardy enjoyed writing short stories because he had realised that with the pressures and busy lifestyles of modern day life there was little time to sit down and read a novel. One difficulty of a short story is that it can't give in depth character analyses but they can gradually allow someone to make their own analyses judging by Hardy's content in his stories. They are succinct which made them successful. What is a short story? For Hardy a short story wasn't a tale that explained the details in two sentences and left the reader blank looking for clues as to where the story was going, the background of the story and who everyone was. Hardy's short stories gave as much detail as possible and if something was missing, it appeared later on, he consistently made sure the reader would keep up with the story and never rushed his stories, making sure the reader got the full jist of the story. A very simple example of this is in "The Superstitious Mans Story" where during the story Hardy includes a short paragraph which is told by the narrator of the story, it provides both the listener in and out of the story with a piece of missing information which we need to understand it fully, because in "The Superstitious Mans Story" there are two listeners, ourselves and Hardy's metaphorical Alias Mr. Lackland. Hardy's stories have a personal feel to them, when you read them he is talking to you, explaining and saying everything to you. For example "The Superstitious Mans Story" and "Old Andrey's Experience as a Musician" Hardy uses a conversational tone, he writes his stories in the way they would be told person-to-person, face-to-face as maybe travellers stories. Society has changed greatly since the time of Thomas Hardy, we no longer have the closeness and reliability that everyone had then. Hardy lived in a community and describes a community in his short stories where every member of the community knows everyone else, knows past and present members and they are able to tell stories about each of them. In this community everyone can rely on someone else, be it a friend or neighbour. A community like this is not found in cities as Hardy discovers when he moves to London in his early years, London was one of the first megalopolises. He was introduced to the city which he seen as a

Outside Lies Magic

There are certain things in life that people take for granted. As technology advances, the people would struggle to go on and fit in the crowd, making sure that everything is played accordingly. Because of these changes, people sometimes oversee things and take for granted the simple pleasures of life. The book, Outside Lies Magic, shows people the simple things found around us that are taken for granted. As I was reading the book, I became open to more possible ideas around me.Although the book may sound like a textbook for many, this is one of the few literary works that people could actually appreciate. From everything that has been included in the book, two scenes stood out the most. The first part was when the author was discussing about wires and power. I became intrigued with the importance of the â€Å"wires† to the history of man and the possible contributions that they may have in society. Even if the history of mankind was quite difficult to explain, the author was able to do it in such a manner that the readers would become curious instead of being discouraged to read.The use of words was also something to be considered. The descriptive manner used would make the readers become interested to know how much information the author wants to share with everyone. Another part of the book that caught my attention was the chapter about mails. I was unaware of the history of the mailing system until I read this chapter. The demands of sending letter across the country and in the whole world increased as time passed by, making it more difficult for the postal services to fulfill their duties.Eventually, numerous people had to sacrifice their time and effort just to allow the mails to arrive on their preferred dates. I learned to appreciate the importance of my mailbox, and how it is accessible to me and to the whole world. However, this service was taken for granted and lacks the much needed appreciation. Thinking about it makes me thankful for all of the hard work taken away from me by such service. I just hope that someday, more people would be able to see and appreciate the little things that evolve around them. The last part was also something that I remembered greatly.Although the book was descriptive, the author was able to share with the readers how the simple things in life would mean the most. The readers are also given the impression that all things should be appreciated and given much importance. Regardless of the use of such descriptive words, the author was able to stick to the realities of life that many people try to escape from. And so, people should become open to committing mistakes, but still hope for the best in life. From everything that has been mentioned, I believe that the strongest part of the book is the first part.Talking about wires is not as easy as it may seem, because it is difficult to talk about wires and make them as interesting as possible. Reading the book allowed me to see a world that I was n ot aware of before. Taking the wirings for granted was something that people could relate to. I also became intrigued how people were able to organize all of the wires, and how these were identified. This allowed me to appreciate more people and things more, as each word was used. Reading the book came as a challenge for my end.English is not my first language, and some of the words used in the book were difficult for me to understand. However, the magic of words allowed me to explore and expand my knowledge further. For this, I was able to experience the magic of books, at the same time learn about the realities of life hidden from most people. Sometimes, it is not bad to look back and appreciate the humble beginnings of people and things. These are the essential things that would make the existence more worthy of the people’s appreciation. This is one of the few books that I would recommend for others to read.

Crime Rates Essay

In the recent years, crime rate especially in cities have been increasing at an alarming rate. This phenomenon has become a major source of insecurity and fear in the society and is a mind bogging problem faced by most governments. The increase of crime in cities are mostly due to the lack of education, social inequality as well as an ineffective justice system. Firstly, the lack of education in immigrants is a main cause of the increased crime rate in cities .Cities are attractive places to those living in rural areas as a better living can be obtained. However, those who migrate to big cities often lack proper education therefore they are unable to compete with others who were raised in cities. This causes them to face difficulty in searching for jobs and are often of the low income group or even unemployed. The living expenses in cities are much higher than rural areas thus those people are obliged to resort to crime in order to get cash immediately to pay for their living expenses. So, it is clear that good education does play a vital role in crime rates. Read more: Essay on Crime Rate Increase in India Moreover, social inequality also contributes to the increase of crime rates in cities like Delhi, India. The rich live in luxury while the poor live in poverty. This imbalance in the society results in the poor thinking that the government is not being fair and also jealousy. The poor will then commit criminal offences such as stealing and robbing from the rich in order to show their dissatisfaction. Those living in poverty are desperate for basic necessities and often turn to crime as an alternative as it is the fastest way to obtain it. Therefore, the large difference in society classes leads to an increase in crime rates. In addition, crime rates in cities are also influenced by the ineffective justice system of the country. In Battambang, Cambodia, the law does not have great authority hence the people are not afraid to commit crimes. For example, those who commit rape offences in Battambang do not have to face jail but only pay an amount of compensation fee. Those who are arrested are often set free because of loopholes in the proof. Consequently, they are not afraid of the punishment. Hence, a poor justice system leads to the increase in crime rates. Therefore it is obvious that the lack of proper education, large differences among social classes and a justice system that is weak are the main causes of the dramatic increase of crime rates in cities. This issue needs a combined effort by the society and the government to overcome. The government can start by offering free education for the society, enforce stricter laws and also find a solution to decrease the social inequalities in order to curb this issue as it will have a major negative impact on the growth of a country.

How to Write a Great College Application Essay 7 Questions to Ask Yourself

How to Write a Great College Application Essay 7 Questions to Ask Yourself 7 Questions to Ensure You Write a Great College Application Essay There’s big news in the college admissions world: Many colleges are no longer requiring the SAT or ACT essay as a component of the college application! This month, Princeton and Stanford joined a growing list of schools (including Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, and the University of Chicago) who have dropped the SAT/ACT essay requirement. Brown University is the only Ivy League college still requiring a score, along with non-Ivies like Duke and the University of California. While applicants are still highly encouraged to submit an essay score, if they don’t, their writing skill will be assessed in other ways.* How will colleges assess students’ writing ability? Some schools will count on the multiple-choice part of the tests which assesses writing skills on some level. But no multiple-choice exam can test how a student puts ideas together, or how they use language creatively. Princeton now requires a graded writing sample from a high school class (preferably English or history), which is definitely a measure of a student’s ability to write. But it’s the only school as of now that does so. What’s left? To me, it seems intuitive that the application essay will hold more weight than ever before. Here’s a clip of my WBBM radio interview on that topic – High School Seniors: Brace for Big College Application Changes: What makes a great college application essay? Rumors abound as to what makes a good essay topic and what topics should be off limits. I hear often, for instance, that students should never write about sports. That’s simply not true. There are effective ways to write about sports and ineffective ways to write about sports. No, we don’t want to read a play-by-play of a football game in 650 characters. But leadership growth can be a great topic, as can relationship building or coming back from an injury or other challenge. You just need to be self-aware and creative in your presentation. The fact is, there are no good or bad essay topics in themselves. There are only good or bad essays. Harry Bauld hammers this point home in his book, On Writing the College Application Essay: Secrets of a former Ivy League Admissions Officer. How do you know which category your essay falls into – the good or the bad? Here are seven questions you can ask yourself to see if your essay will fall into the â€Å"good essay† category, regardless of the root topic: Am I using most of my 650 characters to talk about myself (good)? Or am I defaulting to explaining some topic or describing someone else (bad)? Am I telling a true story of how I’ve grown (good)? Or am I bending the truth to sound good (bad)? Am I using clear, persuasive language (good)? Or am I using overly flowery language to try to sound like a good writer (bad)? Am I using mostly active voice (good)? Or is my essay written mostly in passive voice (bad)? When I read my essay aloud, does it sound natural and compelling (good)? Or am I tripping over the words or getting bored (bad)? Did I give good thought to the conclusion (good)? Or did I rush it because I was running out of space (bad)? Does the conclusion build on the opening (good)? Or does it sound like a disconnected wrap-up (bad)? Do all the things in the first half of those seven questions, and you’ll be on the road to a great college application essay. And what about the topic? If you’re applying to college in the fall, start thinking about your essay topics now – and be aware of these seven questions and possible pitfalls. The application essay has never been as important as it is now. The Essay Expert is here to support you in writing a great college application essay on a great topic! Contact us  to find out how. *  This change was implemented because many states and school systems pay for their students to take the SAT or ACT – and since the essay adds up to $17 per student to the price tag, many students dont have that option. They would have to sign up and pay to take the test on their own.

Raymonds Run Essays - Faust, Part One, Free Essays, Term Papers

Raymonds Run Essays - Faust, Part One, Free Essays, Term Papers Mr. Raymond Raymonds Run 27 January 2016 In the story Raymonds run written by Toni Cade Bambara the main characters are in a conflict of who is better and who is faster in running races. The characters where in a competition that began the conflict in the story. Through the dialog between the main characters (Squeaky and Gretchen) the conflict was created, the conflict was solved when Squeaky won the Town race by her reaction from her brothers behavior in the end of the race and by showing that she changed her opinion about her brother Raymond. The main character Squeaky is a very fast running girl, she is the fastest in her town ,when Squeaky was in kinder garden she participated in a 20-yards race and she always came first but now she grow-up and the race is now 50-yards and there is an upcoming Town race that many people will join in. Squeaky decided to join the race and her goal was to get the first place in the race, she was also very confident that she will win. The older ones call her Mercury because she is different than the other girls because she hates the may pole and she doesnt dress like the other girls and because she is fast. Gretchen is Squeakys rival and enemy because Gretchen friend was Squeakys old best friend. The dialog that happened in the story was when Squeaky was going on her way to sign in for the Town race and on her way she passed by Gretchen and her friends but then Gretchen stops and starts talking directly to Raymond. Raymond is Squeakys big brother but the problem is that he is not very natural and he does not act In a natural way he also has a very big head, Squeaky is sometime shy of some of his action so she says that he is her smaller brother and Squeaky has to take care of him and he is her full responsibility. When Gretchen was talking to Raymond she first asked him how are you now Raymond? then he felt offended so Squeaky quickly replied and said You have anything to say, say it to me, then Gretchen looked at her and said to her in an offal way who cares anyway you will not win the race and then Squeaky started the argument and Gretchen friend Squeakys old friend was defending Gret chen and that made Squeaky angrier so Squeaky challenged Gretchen and told her lets see who will win the race and that was how Squeaky challenged Gretchen. This was the most important dialog in the story because the conflict is based on this dialog. The action is what happened in the conflict and it was also the result of the town race and the challenge that Squeaky offered to Gretchen. All that Squeaky thought about before the race began was the challenge and the first place off-course, when ever Squeaky gos to a race before it begins she puts herself into a vision to relief the stress and pressure from her mind and put herself into the race until the gun is shot in the sky and the race begins. When the race began Squeaky toke off in very high speed and set off to the first place until Gretchen came and passed Squeaky by a little bit, then Squeaky lost hope that she will win and that she will win the challenge but not until she saw her brother Raymond running with her in the same speed and he was running fast that encouraged Squeaky to run and that also amazed her, Squeaky started running very fast and then she was in the same speed as Gretchen and then they both passed the finish line not knowing who won the race so they had t o wait for the referees to decide the winner but for Squeaky winning did not matter for her because she found out a new talent which was her brother Raymonds speed in running and she was very interested in training him to become the fastest one in the town. After a short time the referees have come with a decision of the winner and the winner

Democrat is a Noun

Democrat is a Noun Democrat is a Noun Democrat is a Noun By Maeve Maddox Martin Benvenuto writes: Could you please settle a discussion concerning Democrat vs. Democratic. It is my contention that Democratic is not the plural of Democrat. Is this correct? Democrat is a noun. Democratic is an adjective. The plural of democrat is democrats. This question put me in mind of the incorrect way that the noun democrat is often used in place the adjective democratic. As I usually do when beginning a post on usage, I looked for random examples of the error I wished to illustrate. I was surprised to come upon this information in a Wikipedia article: Democrat Party is a political epithet used in the United States instead of Democratic Party when talking about the Democratic Party. The term has been principally used by conservative commentators and members of the Republican Party in party platforms, partisan speeches and press releases since the 1930s. The explicit goal is to dissociate the name of the rival party from the concept of democracy. That was a new one on me. Id thought the error was committed because writers and speakers didnt understand that, while the word Republican can be either a noun or an adjective, Democrat has distinctive noun and adjective forms. a republican form of government the Republican party the Republican National Committee Republicans with strong principles. a democratic form of government the Democratic party the Democratic National Committee Democrats with strong principles. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesOne Fell Swoop55 "House" Idioms

Understanding Business and Management Research Methods Assignment - 2

Understanding Business and Management Research Methods - Assignment Example These methods are explained and examples and illustrations are given in the appendices. The report examines the limitation of ANP and AHP and also gives evidence of outdated methodologies. The report also offers a framework for future, more extensive research in the subject matter and also states the limitations of the research design. This report discusses the decision making process and methodology of retailers on how to choose a location for a retail store. It aims at pointing out the various factors affecting the decision making process, by identifying the need for a scientific approach to the subject matter through the literature review. In the literature review, the traditional and current methodology for choosing a location are also noted and discussed. The report firstly identifies the research questions that need to be asked and the research objectives with relation to the questions. The literature review then analyses the findings of the literature. The next part of the report is the research methodology and design which sets out the basic approach to more extensive research on the subject. The final part is the conclusion in which the argument is put forward based on the results drawn from the literature analysis. This report is of extreme relevance to the retail industry, as it should be taken into acc ount when choosing location or creating feasibility studies for opening a new retail store. Traditional methods for choosing locations, especially for retail, are a thing of the past. More comprehensive and detailed methods are required to provide more convincing results (Cheng, Li and Yu, 2005). The need for more holistic and scientific was first identified by Bowlby, Breheny and Foot (1984) who acknowledged the various pressures inflicted upon retailers on their location selection and since then in the UK, the pressures kept mounting (Hernadez and Bennisson, 2000). Craig, Avijit and McLafferty’s (1984) research on selecting a

Global Warming. What Are the Human Behaviors which Hasten Global Essay

Global Warming. What Are the Human Behaviors which Hasten Global Warming - Essay Example Digging out the earth’s resources such as coal, gas and oil also leads burning of fossil fuels which again release one the of greenhouse gases CO. Cutting forests and grass lands and converting them into a living place and use it for farming means letting the stored amounts of carbon enter the atmosphere. This is because those plants stores carbon and cutting down means releasing more and more carbon. This is known as deforestation. Methane is another harmful green house gas which is hundred times more powerful than carbon. Methane is basically is found underwater especially when digging out fossil fuels, landfill and leakage of natural gas. Also, methane is found in the intestines of herbivorous animals so, more live stock means more manure and more manure leads to release of methane. It is also used as the fertilizer in cropping. Another source of methane is gas consuming car which are getting more in use these days. Population is another cause of global warming which means more people requires more food and use of more transportation. Cars burns fossil fuel by consuming oil where as to provide food to such a large population agriculture is a must. In twentieth century farmers started using more chemical fertilizers and machines. These chemical fertilizers are the cause of the development of nitrogen.... (Manoj Kumar, A Cooler Climate) Crake’s decision: Crake’s intentions behind creating the hominids are right as the world really seems to be environmentally devastated and corporation controlled in future. The scientists will keep on experimenting on human without checking it and directly use for genetic treatment which is becoming a threat to the survival of humanity. According to Crake they just want to earn profits and interest without giving a thought to the consequences which will occur to those human beings. Nowadays, in world such is happening. Nuclear weapons are so devastating and bio-products are so dangerous for the survival of human beings. Technology on the other hand is invented for the ease of human but it is used as a tool to earn profits. This world consists of so many problems like pollution, global warming, many pandemic diseases, and war like situation, socio-economic issues. Crake created hominids in order to make this world peaceful and environment friendly creature that loves nature and does not harm each other and there are no such catastrophes. ( Bouson, Bloom, Lin) The culture of violence and pornography is also troubling the world and it is because of the misuse of internet. Pornographic sites are becoming cheaply and easily available everywhere on the internet. Also, sites which shows live coverage suicide and gives easy access to porn sites promotes unethical and moral less people. Games on computer are highly becoming the source of mass destructions for the adolescent and children. They enjoy playing such games which indirectly teaching them violence and feeding in their mind that how to win over anything by killing or destroying everything. Unless, they win and excels in it, they keep on playing with high concentrations.

Essay 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

3 - Essay Example Siddhartha Gautama was the pioneer of Buddhism and the religion is based on psychological expressions and representations like yoga. The religion is based on several doctrines. Some of these doctrines are the four noble truths, eight-fold path, and ideas of impermanence and anatman The four noble truths are; life is characterized by suffering, suffering is caused by desire or grasping, cease grasping and follow the eight-fold path. The eight-fold path consists of right view, right intention, right speech, right actions, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration. Impermanence and anatman relies on the understanding that everything fluctuates and it is dependent upon everything else. During its spread in Asia, Buddhism blended with other cultures in Korea, China and Japan. In China, Buddhists absorbed some sections of Daoism and Confucian religion. In Japan, Buddhism has several denominations like Tendai, Pure Land, Nichiren, Shingon and Zen. In Korea, Buddhism has been absorbed in other religions such as indigenous shamanism, new religions, Christianity, Confucianism and Daoism. Muslims use one sacred book called the Holy Qur’an and the Buddhists use several sacred books. Buddhists concentrate more on the psychological wellbeing than the spiritual wellbeing. In Buddhism, spirituality is attained one when dies and your actions determine what you shall gain. On the other hand, Muslims’ spirituality wellness in the world is the key to attaining eternity. What happens after death is explained differently in each case. Buddhists believe that every being will undergo cycles of transformation according to their actions into other beings. In contrast, Muslims believe that there will be paradise after death, no transformation into other beings will occur. A creator does not exist in Buddhism, existence of such means suffering

Managing a wide range of cultural diversity in the workplace is Essay

Managing a wide range of cultural diversity in the workplace is challenging but not impossible - Essay Example Cultural diversity in work place is difficult to handle, but is manageable. This essay will address the main hurdles in effective management under culturally diverse circumstances and solutions to such problems. Cultural diversity refers to multiculturalism or interaction of individuals from different cultures at one platform. This phenomenon occurs as a result of international migration. People from several diverse cultures and nations migrate to other places usually developed areas for work. This makes management difficult. According to UNESCO (2003) some 175 million people live away from their birth places and this rate was reported to be 200 million by the World Bank in 2009. When individuals from various diverse cultures accumulate in a single organization, the management is faced by following common issues: Where there is cultural diversity, people from different races are provided with several opportunities to interact. An interaction at such a level is sometimes ridden with racial issues that are again quite challenging to manage. In culturally diverse workplaces, sometimes individuals from a contrasting culture fail to absorb or even understand the organizational culture. This is referred to as a cultural shock. Cultural shock leads to negative feelings of helplessness and isolation, usually leading to poor performance at work by the individual. Communication barriers among the co workers due to their diverse cultures also pose a problem in such scenarios and if left un dealt with, can pose serious limitations in the organization’s overall performance. The main issues relating to cultural diversity that might pose a problem for management have been highlighted above. These issues suggest that management of cultural diversity is a difficult task. Now I will discuss how these issues can be dealt with making it possible to manage such a culturally diverse workplace. Cultural diversity can be managed at workplace if certain

Food and Society Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Food and Society - Coursework Example Issues falling under this heading involve such things as health and safety, food labeling and even what constitutes 'organic' food (Drake University, 2012). Food policy has many benefits, all of which are multiplied when the policies themselves are especially effective. Such systems spark changes in dietary energy and nutritional balance, in effect helping to promote child growth, while staving off all manner of diseases. Apart from this, having a good policy also helps to increase a country's income through agricultural development, which also works recursively by improving the nutritional status of people - a phenomenon most readily observable in developing countries. The need for food policy, on the other hand, should be readily obvious. Atkins and Bowler (2001) note the instrumentality of food in economic, political and socio-cultural issues, as well as its role in ensuring health and pleasure in everyday life. Lang and Heaseman (2004) add to this, talking of the significant impa ct of the emergence of global markets not only on the kind of food being consumed, but also on issues such as health, food security, social justice and overall quality of life. In fact, food policy has been globally acknowledged as an important facet of public policy (Cardwell, 2004; Conway, 1997; Coleman et al, 2004). Needless to say, while food policy is not quite as thrust into the limelight as other global issues such as terrorism, its far-reaching implications and consequences make it equally important, if not even more so. One especially important food policy issue in this day and age is malnutrition. Contrary to popular belief, however, malnutrition does not always refer to a lack of food, but may also come about as the result of eating too much of the wrong kinds of food, and too little of the right kinds. This means that while those who eat too little are most likely malnourished, it will not necessarily follow that one who eats a lot can automatically be assumed to be heal thy - on the contrary, one who falls under the latter description could very well be classified as obese. This paper, then, shall aim to connect the issue of obesity and, to a lesser extent, malnutrition to the hospitality industry, and to come up with ways in which it can be addressed. Malnutrition and Obesity: A Food Policy Issue Malnutrition in general is said to result from a poorly balanced diet, wherein one's consumption of nutrients is skewed in some way, shape or form (Sullivan and Sheffrin, 2003). A report by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in 2009 told of more than a billion people dying of hunger, with 17,000 children specifically dying everyday (CNN, 2009). In fact, it has been attested that malnutrition kills upwards of 9.5 million school-aged children each year. Such a high body count becomes even more understandable - and more terrifying - when one accounts for the interaction between malnutrition and certain killer diseases. Malaria, for instance, is already known t o claim many lives on its own; combined with malnutrition, however, it becomes capable of racking up a mortality rate comparable to that of the infamous Black Plague. Malnutrition usually, but not always, refers to a lack of food intake; however, as Pinstrup-Andersen and Watson (2011) point out, malnutrition can easily be about taking in way too much food, or even not taking the

Fashion - Mexican Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion - Mexican Culture - Essay Example The essay "Fashion - Mexican Culture" concerns the Mexican culture and fashion. The modern Mexican clothing differs in various ways from the traditional modes of clothing. The difference signifies transformations that have taken place in the Mexican culture. The traditional Mexican clothing was as a result of past generation’s inheritance. In simple terms, the style’s pieces used by indigenous Mexican people evolved with Spanish colonization. It possessed strong and vivid colors and used natural fibers such as wool, agave and cotton. The women’s typical clothing included a skirt, a rezobo, a huipil and a quenchquemitl. The traditional men’s clothing incorporated shirts and trousers. They had unique garments in a couple of things and also possessed numerous interesting details. The modern Mexican clothing, on the other hand, resembles most of the western types of clothes. However, the Mexican clothes may have more colorful character that adds on them a nati ve feeling. Other clothing may possess styles and designs with Mexican graphics and symbols. The aspect makes the Mexican clothing unique from many other cultures across the globe. In various ways, many Mexican individuals nowadays are more formal and conservative in the clothes they wear as opposed to their counterparts in the United States or Canada. Currently in Mexico, there has erupted a trend for the general Mexican public to make use of modern garments with great influence from the traditional clothing. The women have a tendency of wearing rezobos.

Food and Society Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Food and Society - Coursework Example Issues falling under this heading involve such things as health and safety, food labeling and even what constitutes 'organic' food (Drake University, 2012). Food policy has many benefits, all of which are multiplied when the policies themselves are especially effective. Such systems spark changes in dietary energy and nutritional balance, in effect helping to promote child growth, while staving off all manner of diseases. Apart from this, having a good policy also helps to increase a country's income through agricultural development, which also works recursively by improving the nutritional status of people - a phenomenon most readily observable in developing countries. The need for food policy, on the other hand, should be readily obvious. Atkins and Bowler (2001) note the instrumentality of food in economic, political and socio-cultural issues, as well as its role in ensuring health and pleasure in everyday life. Lang and Heaseman (2004) add to this, talking of the significant impa ct of the emergence of global markets not only on the kind of food being consumed, but also on issues such as health, food security, social justice and overall quality of life. In fact, food policy has been globally acknowledged as an important facet of public policy (Cardwell, 2004; Conway, 1997; Coleman et al, 2004). Needless to say, while food policy is not quite as thrust into the limelight as other global issues such as terrorism, its far-reaching implications and consequences make it equally important, if not even more so. One especially important food policy issue in this day and age is malnutrition. Contrary to popular belief, however, malnutrition does not always refer to a lack of food, but may also come about as the result of eating too much of the wrong kinds of food, and too little of the right kinds. This means that while those who eat too little are most likely malnourished, it will not necessarily follow that one who eats a lot can automatically be assumed to be heal thy - on the contrary, one who falls under the latter description could very well be classified as obese. This paper, then, shall aim to connect the issue of obesity and, to a lesser extent, malnutrition to the hospitality industry, and to come up with ways in which it can be addressed. Malnutrition and Obesity: A Food Policy Issue Malnutrition in general is said to result from a poorly balanced diet, wherein one's consumption of nutrients is skewed in some way, shape or form (Sullivan and Sheffrin, 2003). A report by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in 2009 told of more than a billion people dying of hunger, with 17,000 children specifically dying everyday (CNN, 2009). In fact, it has been attested that malnutrition kills upwards of 9.5 million school-aged children each year. Such a high body count becomes even more understandable - and more terrifying - when one accounts for the interaction between malnutrition and certain killer diseases. Malaria, for instance, is already known t o claim many lives on its own; combined with malnutrition, however, it becomes capable of racking up a mortality rate comparable to that of the infamous Black Plague. Malnutrition usually, but not always, refers to a lack of food intake; however, as Pinstrup-Andersen and Watson (2011) point out, malnutrition can easily be about taking in way too much food, or even not taking the

History and Theory 2 - buildings in context Essay

History and Theory 2 - buildings in context - Essay Example How are they influenced by the society and how do they respond to social upheavals? The types of architecture reflect the concrete expression of changes in social, cultural, political and economic context over time. As new types are put in place and the existing types are modified, we see a pattern which proves that this is being done to accommodate changing social practices, technologies, political or cultural values. When we emphasize the contextual influence on the architecture of the buildings, we tend to ignore the role played by architect and the style he has adopted in designing the structure. What is important here is to consider the role of individual architect and his broader stylistic movements and also examine the contextual issues that he has taken into consideration for designing a particular structure. These contextual issues have a great impact on the form and meaning of architecture. There is a definite relationship between an architect and the society or the period of history in which they live, design and construct the buildings. The user of the architecture also has a definite role to play in the architecture because buildings are not always used for the purpose for which they are designed. For example a building might have been designed for educational purposes but ultimately may end up being used for recreation activities. The architect who has designed the structure may feel hurt with the findings. Text In this context the Palace of Westminster as a building shall be examined by carrying out study of its form, function, its aesthetic features and uses. We shall also examine the importance of the Big Ben and its location Vis a Vis the Palace of Westminster. Construction of the Palace of Westminster was one of the major accomplishments of the mid- western Victorian period. The palace of Westminster houses the British parliament. It was built as per the design of the architect Charles Barry. The job was entrusted to some of the prominent con tractors of the time (middle of the nineteenth century).They used the latest techniques and machinery available at that point of time. Services of skilled craftsmen and several hundred laborers were utilized for construction in a record time (Morton, 2002). The building became a benchmark of excellent construction and is considered a symbol of pride for Britain. The Gothic style used in the design, gives a feeling of the past. It does not have a futuristic look but still it is a symbol of power and glory. As a token of appreciation, the Queen bestowed knighthood to Barry. During the construction of the Palace of Westminster its architect and builder had to face a lot of problems. The cost of the building, which was initially estimated to be 700000 Pounds Sterling, went up to 2 million Pound Sterling! It took close to 30 years to complete the building instead of the original estimated time of 6 years. There were several areas of dispute which came up much before the actual constructi on took place. These were related to initial design, fees of the architects, estimates, problems with supply of raw material etc. The workers also went on a strike which halted the work for almost thirty weeks. No wonder, the entire project was fraught with problems and difficulties, right from the start to completion of the project. However, the end result was so beautiful that it was admired by all, its users and

Indo-US civilian nuclear deal

Indo-US civilian nuclear deal INDIAS ENERGY SECURITY WITH SPECIALREFERENCE TO INDO-US NUCLEAR DEAL â€Å"Consider the past 400 years of history. The world developed a new source of power, steam, and the industrial age came in. India with all her many virtues did not develop that source of power and it became a backward and a slave country. Now, we are on the verge of the atomic age. If we are to remain abreast in the world as a nation which keeps ahead of things, we must develop this atomic energy quite apart from war†¦of course, if we are compelled as a nation to use it for other purposes, no pious sentiments of any one of us can stop the nation from using it that way.† Jawaharlal Nehru, 06 April 1948 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY The energy security encompasses the oil natural gas, fuel and electricity. However in the backdrop of Indo-US civilian nuclear deal we are referring to the electrical energy security generated from nuclear sources. The Indias nuclear reactors are fueled by uranium. Indias uranium is low grade and quantity and is about seven times costlier than whats available in the world market. The Indo US civilian nuclear deal encompasses the transfer of sensitive technology for reprocessing, enrichment of fuel and importing uranium for generation of electricity from nuclear energy. In recent years, if there is one issue that has been on the headlines at regular intervals besides terrorist attacks in different parts of our country, is the Indo-US civilian nuclear deal. So much so that it was on the verge of bringing down the worlds largest democracy. Never before in the history of independent India where any subject thought about, deliberated, argued and counter argued by the political, bureaucr atic and the scientific elites. The main advantage of this deal is that the India not only got the assurance from the world to increase its electricity generating capacity but India can continue its nuclear weapon programme unhindered. The deal also gave strategic advantages to US. METHODOLOGY Statement of Problem 2. This paper aims to analyse â€Å"Will India be able to fulfill its power demand by 2030 by generating electricity from nuclear power plants in light of Indo-US civilian nuclear deal.† Hypothesis 3. The extent of Indias strategic interest has expanded and span from the Gulf of Hormuze up to the Malacca Strait. It implies that India is on the threshold of becoming a regional super power, having a large say in the geopolitical affairs in South Asia. This situation has come about as a result of the economic liberalisation in last decade of the twentieth century, causing the economy to grow at appreciable rates of 7-8 % per year. Economic opportunities in India have made the world sit up and take notice, causing a huge influx of investments in all business and industrial sectors. 4. Given the above situation, Indias electrical energy needs are growing by leaps and bounds, and at a very rapid pace. The sources for generation of electricity to support this unprecedented growth are not adequate. Therefore, it is imperative that India must look for alternative sources to generate sufficient electricity not only to cater for future growth but also to bridge the gap between the demand and supply. This will also help India for realisation of her role as a regional power to satisfy her strategic aspirations. Justification of the Study 5. India is concern for energy security in general and electrical energy in particular for its economic development and uplifting the standard of living of its citizen. Indo-us civilian nuclear deal is a step towards to solve Indias energy problem which encompasses the generation of electricity from nuclear energy and transfer of sensitive technology including supply of raw material. But the deal has more strategic and international connotation. If we adopt the perspective of twenty years hence, will India be able to achieve its energy security? Scope 6. The scope of this study would be to look into Indias electric energy requirement by 2030, highlighting the electricity generating capacity and gap between demand and supply. Also to analyze the nuclear power plants generating capacity in a backdrop of Indo-US civilian nuclear deal with its strategic implications for India. The study would also suggest a way ahead for India to achieve total energy security. Other related issues such as electrification, transmission, distribution, billing, electrical energy conservation and regulatory commissions are not considered in this study. Operational Definitions 7. Energy Security.[1] A countrys ability to optimize its energy resource portfolio and supply of energy services for the desired level of services that will sustain economic growth and poverty reduction. It is a broad umbrella covers all type of energy and economic growth. 8. Nuclear Energy and Energy Security.[2] Nuclear Energy is the kinetic energy of the fragments that result from the fissioning or splitting of uranium and plutonium nuclei when they absorb neutrons. The kinetic energy is converted to heat as the fragments are slowed, and this heat is use to convert water into steam which in turn used for rotation of turbine thus producing electricity. This nuclear energy supplements the total energy requirement of our country with an aim to achieve energy security from all the sources including renewable, hydro and coal. Methods of Data Collection 9. The major source of data collection has been through library books, journals, articles from magazine newspaper as well as internet. Organisation of the Dissertation (Chapterisation) 10. The dissertation is organised as under : (a) Chapter I Introduction and Methodology. This chapter introduces the subject ‘Indias energy security with special reference to Indo-us nuclear deal. It also lays down the ‘Statement of Problem providing a justification for the study and defines the scope of dissertation. The chapter also defines security in general and energy security in particular. Energy security encompasses oil, gas and electricity. The focus will be on nuclear power element of electricity/power security. (b) Chapter II Indias Electrical Energy Need and Present Status. This chapter brings out statistical data about the present power status in India from all sources including the contribution of nuclear power plants and predicting economic growth vis-a-vis Indias electrical energy needs by 2030. (c) Chapter III Nuclear Energy Its Myth and Reality. This chapter analysis the nuclear power generating capacity by 2030, technology and raw material requirement and its contribution towards achieving energy security. It also covers advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power over conventional sources of power generation. (d) Chapter IV Indo-US Civilian Nuclear Deal. This chapter covers Indias nuclear history in brief and Indo-US civilian nuclear deal in detail. It also brings out the stance of International atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). This chapter also highlights the pros and cons and views of political parties in India. (e) Chapter V Implications of the Deal. This chapter highlights the strategic implications in terms of economic, geopolitical and military of Indo-US civilian nuclear deal. (f) Chapter VI The Way Ahead for Energy Security. Initially India neglected its power requirement and now going for nuclear power. On one hand developed country like Germany is against nuclear power and on other side France in going for it. This chapter covers the analysis of this dichotomy and Indias necessity to go for it. In the end, recommendations for way ahead for India to achieve total energy security. CHAPTER II INDIAS ELECTRICAL ENERGY NEED AND PRESENT STATUS Indias Energy Security Challenge[3] 1. Electricity is one of the most important inputs to support the growing economy. Today, there is the requisite buying power to support the rapid growth of the power sector. At the same time, there are severe resources constrains looming large. The non-availability of power in required amounts could, in fact, severely restrict our developmental aspirations. 2. There is a need to look at nuclear energy associated with processes involving the nucleus of an atom in several million folds higher than the energy associated with processes that involve electron that orbit around the nucleus. The later forms the basis of energy through burning of fossil fuels. Nuclear energy released through fission or fusion of atomic nuclei and solar energy that we receive from the sun are the only two viable basic energy sources capable of meeting our long term energy needs. 3. Electricity Present Status in India?[4] India is a power deficit country with a high base and peak load deficit of around 9.8% and 16.6%, respectively. Currently, though coal-based plants contribute around 58 % of the installed capacity, that alone would not be sufficient to secure and fulfill Indias long-term Energy requirements. A broad estimate suggests that if the countrys coal consumption continues to grow at 5% pa, going ahead we might run out of coal reserves over the next 40-50 years, and even if new coal reserves are discovered and extracted, we might still run out of coal in the next 70-80 years. Installed Capacity > 120 GW. Gross Generation is 620 billion kWh. The current per capita power consumption in India is about 612 KWH per year. While the world average is 2596 KWH. Out of total power available in India, thermal power constitutes 64.6%, hydro power 24.7% and nuclear power 2.9%. The present power status of India is shown in fig 1. The details of nuclear power is s hown in fig 2 Indian Energy Scenarios: 2030 4. Nuclear Power[5] will play a significant role in the long-term energy mix of the country with the government planning to raise its contribution from the current level of 2.9% (4,120 MW) to around 10% (64,000-65,000 MW) of the countrys installed capacity by 2030.[6] 5. Details of Nuclear Power Plants in India.[7] Currently, seventeen nuclear power reactors produce 4,120 MW (2.9% of total installed base). Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PHWR 220 x 3 660 Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat PHWR 220 x 2 440 Kalpakkam NPCIL Tamil Nadu PHWR 220 x 2 440 Narora NPCIL Uttar Pradesh PHWR 220 x 2 440 Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan PHWR 100 x 1, 200 x 1, 220 x 2 740 Tarapur NPCIL Maharashtra BWR(PHWR) 160 x 2, 540 x 2 1400 Total 17 4120 6. The projects under construction are: Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PHWR 220 x 1 220 Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan PHWR 220 x 2 440 Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1000 1000 x 2 2000 Kalpakkam NPCIL Tamil Nadu PFBR 500 x 1 500 Total 6 3160 7. The planned projects are: Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat PHWR 640 x 2 1280 Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan PHWR 640 x 2 1280 Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1200 1200 x 2 2400 Jaitapur NPCIL Maharastra EPR 1600 x 4 6400 Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PWR 1000 x 1, 1500 x 1 2500 Bhavini PFBR 470 x 4 1880 NPCIL AHWR 300 300 NTPC PWR 1000 x 2 2000 NPCIL PHWR 640 x 4 2560 Total 10 20600 8. The following projects are firmly proposed. Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1200 1200 x 2 2400 Jaitapur NPCIL Maharashtra EPR 1600 x 2 3200 Pati Sonapur Orissa PWR 6000 Kumaharia Haryana PWR 2800 Saurashtra Gujarat PWR Pulivendula NPCIL 51%, AP Genco 49% Andhra Pradesh PWR 2000 x 1 2000 Kovvada Andhra Pradesh PWR Haripur West Bengal PWR Total 15 16400 9. The following projects are proposed and to be confirmed soon. Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1200 1200 x 2 2400 Total 2 2400 10. Summary of total nuclear power generation capacity by 2030. Sl No. Project Units Total capacity (MW) 1 Present nuclear power reactors 17 4120 2 Projects under construction 06 3160 3 Planned projects 10 20600 4 Projects firmly proposed 15 16400 5 Proposed and to be confirmed 02 2400 Total 50 46680 11. Department of Atomic Energy. This independent department has all matter related to atomic energy under its purview, and is responsible for designing, commissioning, constructing and operating nuclear power plants. 12. National Electricity Policy.[8] The GOI decided and notified the National Electricity Policy in Feb 2005 (Min of Power, 2005). The policy aims at accelerated development of power sector, providing supply of electricity to all areas and protecting interests of consumers. The policy prescribes development of rural electrification distribution backbone to be completed in next five years, Some of the points on which the policy emphasizes on are:- (a) Nuclear power is an established source of energy to meet the base load demand. Share of nuclear power in the overall capacity profile will need to be increased significantly. (b) Creation of adequate generation capacity with a spinning reserve of a least 5% by 2012 with availability of installed capacity at 85%. (c) Full development of hydro potential. (d) Development of National Grid. (e) Exploitation of non-conventional energy such as small hydro, solar, biomass and wind for additional power generation capacity. 13. Outcome of the Deal. The Indian nuclear power industry is expected to undergo a significant expansion in the coming years thanks in part to the passing of the Indo-US nuclear deal. This agreement will allow India to carry out trade of nuclear fuel and technologies with other countries and significantly enhance its power generation capacity. India is expected to generate an additional 25,000 MW of nuclear power by 2020, bringing total estimated nuclear power generation to 45,000 MW. Following a waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group in September 2008 which allowed it to commence international nuclear trade, India has signed nuclear deals with several other countries including France, United States, Namibia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan while the framework for similar deals with Canada and United Kingdom are also being prepared. In February 2009, India also signed a $700 million deal with Russia for the supply of 2000 tons nuclear fuel. India now envisages to increase the contribution of nuclear power to overall electricity generation capacity from 4.2% to 9% within 25 years. In 2010, Indias installed nuclear power generation capacity will increase to 6,000 MW. As of 2009, India stands 9th in the world in terms of number of operational nuclear power reactors and is constructing 9 more, including two EPRs being constructed by Frances Areva. Indigenous atomic reactors include TAPS-3, and -4, both of which are 540 MW reactors. Indias $717 million fast breeder reactor project is expected to be operational by 2010. 14. Nuclear Power Growth. India, being a non-signatory of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, has been subjected to a defacto nuclear embargo from members of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) cartel. This has prevented India from obtaining commercial nuclear fuel, nuclear power plant components and services from the international market, thereby forcing India to develop its own fuel, components and services for nuclear power generation. The NSG embargo has had both negative and positive consequences for Indias Nuclear Industry. On one hand, the NSG regime has constrained India from freely importing nuclear fuel at the volume and cost levels it would like to support the countrys goals of expanding its nuclear power generation capacity to at least 20,000 MW by 2020. Also, by precluding India from taking advantage of the economies of scale and safety innovations of the global nuclear industry, the NSG regime has driven up the capital and operating costs and damaged the achievable safe ty potential of Indian nuclear power plants. On the other hand, the NSG embargo has forced the Indian government and bureaucracy to support and actively fund the development of Indian nuclear technologies and industrial capacities in all key areas required to create and maintain a domestic nuclear industry. This has resulted in the creation of a large pool of nuclear scientists, engineers and technicians that have developed new and unique innovations in the areas of Fast Breeder Reactors, Thermal Breeder Reactors, the Thorium fuel cycle, nuclear fuel reprocessing and Tritium extraction production. Ironically, had the NSG sanctions not been in place, it would have been far more cost effective for India to import foreign nuclear power plants and nuclear fuels than to fund the development of Indian nuclear power generation technology, building of Indias own nuclear reactors, and the development of domestic uranium mining, milling and refining capacity. 15. India has already been using imported enriched uranium and are currently under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, but it has developed various aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle to support its reactors. Development of select technologies has been strongly affected by limited imports. Use of heavy water reactors has been particularly attractive for the nation because it allows Uranium to be burnt with little to no enrichment capabilities. India has also done a great amount of work in the development of a Thorium centered fuel cycle. While Uranium deposits in the nation are limited, there are much greater reserves of Thorium and it could provide hundreds of times the energy with the same mass of fuel. The fact that Thorium can theoretically be utilized in heavy water reactors has tied the development of the two. A prototype reactor that would burn Uranium-Plutonium fuel while irradiating a Thorium blanket is under construction at the Madras/Kalpakkam Atomic Power Station. CHAPTER III NUCLEAR ENERGY ITS MYTH AND REALITY Nuclear Energy in India[9] 1. Nuclear energy is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydro and renewable sources of electricity. As of 2008, India has 17 nuclear power plants in operation generating 4,120 MW while 6 other are under construction and are expected to generate an additional 3,160 MW. Since early 1990s, Russia has been a major source of nuclear fuel to India. Due to dwindling domestic uranium reserves, electricity generation from nuclear power in India declined by 12.83% from 2006 to 2008. To appreciate the Indo US nuclear deal better, let us understand the basics of generation of nuclear energy. 2. Nuclear Reactor. The basis of nuclear power is the fission process. This is the process of splitting of a fissionable atoms nucleus, releasing energy in the form of heat, which can be converted through steam turbine and a generator into electricity. The only naturally occurring fissionable material is Uranium and said to be fissile because its nucleus has an affinity to a colliding neutron which it absorbs, splits into two smaller particles and emits two or more neutrons and produces vast amounts of energy. This process is called fission chain reaction. The neutrons produced as result of fission reaction in the reactor have excessive energy levels and they move at a great speed. In a nuclear reactor a chain reaction cannot be sustained with fast moving neutrons. So the fast paced neutrons are slowed down by an element called a moderator. The two substances that are used as a moderator in a Uranium reactor are heavy water and graphite. A majority of the nuclear reactors in the worl d use natural uranium as fuel and light water as moderator and hence they are called the Light Water Reactor. These are essentially boiling water reactor (BWR) or Pressurized water reactor (PWR). In a BWR, the cooling water is allowed to boil inside the reactor at a temp of 290 deg and pressure of 70 atmospheres. The steam is then fed directly to the turbines and re-circulated to the reactor. In a PWR the pressure inside the reactor vessel is kept at 150 atmospheres so as to prevent the cooling water from boiling at temperatures up to 350 deg. This water is fed out of the reactor vessel to a steam generator where it passes through thousands of tubes immersed in water at a much lower pressure. The secondary cooling water boils and drives the turbines. The other type of reactors those use heavy water as moderator is called Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). 3. Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Nuclear fuel needs to be processed optimally for use and thereafter disposed off safely. All these activities form part of the nuclear fuel cycle. Indias share of Natural Uranium reserve of the entire globe is 0.8 %. At the same time that of Thorium is over 32% of the worlds reserve. A Uranium Mill is a chemical plant designed to extract uranium from ore. The final product that goes out of from the mill, commonly referred to as yellow cake, contains more than 60% of uranium. 4. Nuclear Waste Reprocessing. The fuel which went into the reactor is removed after anywhere between 18 months to about 3 years. This spent fuel highly radioactive waste. The Uranium which comprises about 96% of the spent fuel can be recycled as fresh fuel elements. It could be used to fuel breeder reactors or can be used to make a nuclear bomb. 5. Uranium Enrichment. Purification and chemical conversion of uranium concentrate to uranium hexafluoride is needed since yellowcake is not directly usable as nuclear reactor fuel. The uranium hexafluoride is used in a natural uranium fuel reactor. The enriched uranium is now sent to a fuel fabrication plant where it is changed into uranium dioxide powder. The powder is pressed into small pellets, which are then put into metal tubes, forming fuel rods. These fuel rods are put together to form a fuel assembly. Advantages and Disadvantages 6. The advantages of electricity produced from nuclear source are as follows :- (a) Cost- Effective Option. A kilogram of uranium can produces a million times more energy as compared to a kilogram of coal or a kilogram of hydrocarbon. One kg uranium can produce as much electricity as 1500 tons of coal. It will not only diversify Indias power generation portfolio but also reduces pressure on railway transportation of coal for the thermal power plants. (b) Environmentally Sustainable. Non-emission of greenhouse gases that have threatened the global climate. The reduction in annual coal consumption ~ 100 Million Tons. Reduction in annual CO2 Emissions > 170 Million Tons. This will help ease global demand for crude oil and natural gas. 7. The disadvantages of nuclear power plants are as follows :- (a) Initial Cost. Conventional nuclear plants are expensive, being perhaps two to three times the cost of comparable coal or gasification plants, with much of this expenditure required to insure the safety of the public. The production process is relatively simple and involves using nuclear heat to create steam that subsequently drives a turbine generator. However, the high cost of the plants (billions of dollars) can introduce potentially high financial risks to owners and investors alike, as history has demonstrated. While the plants are relatively inefficient (~33%), the price of nuclear fuel, as with coal, is a fraction of the cost of natural gas. Nuclear plants operate at full power for technical reasons and avoid the daily routine large load swings of the electrical grid. Fossil plants are normally used for such purposes. Indias Nuclear Energy Programme 8. Indias nuclear resource endowments are modest in terms of uranium, which is the only naturally available material that contains a fissionable component. On other hand thorium endowments are vast. But unlike uranium it is non fissionable. 9. Three-StageProgramme Indias strategies for large scale development of nuclear energy focused towards utilization of thorium and three stages nuclear power program is as given under : (a) The first stage of Indian Nuclear Power employs the PHWRs fuelled by uranium, to produce plutonium. (b) The second stage, Plutonium put in Fast breeder reactor with uranium, with a blanket of thorium, to convert some of the thorium into uranium. (c) In the third stage, Advanced Heavy Water Reactors (AHWRs) would burn Thorium and U 233 as fuel. This is what we finally want to achieve in the years to come. The AHWR test reactor is in final phase of design. 10. Nuclear Energy for Indias Energy Security.[10][11] The CHAPTER IV Indo US Civilian Nuclear Deal Indo-US Relations 1. Historical Perspective. The nuclear energy history started way back in 1950 when US helped India to develop nuclear energy under the atoms for peace program. In 1968 India refused to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) claiming it was biased. India, Pakistan and Israel never signed NPT and North Korea signed but withdrew later. In 1974 came a turning point when India tested its first nuclear bomb made by the materials from the Canadian reactor. Canada and US stopped selling nuclear fuel to India and US placed severe restrictions on transfer of dual use technologies to India. India was a target of American ideological and geopolitical antagonism. Bilateral relations between the two countries were victims of incompatible obsessions of Indias with Pakistan and Americas with the erstwhile USSR. 2. Post Pokharan II. Indias nuclear blasts of 1998 not only shook the Thar desert, but also rocked the very foundations of the Global Nuclear Order. US administration promptly imposed sanctions and also mobilized other nations in doing so. Indias nuclear policy thus became the single most contentious issue in bilateral relations. The country was treated like pariah, especially by the US and 45 member Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) countries and isolated India for more than three decades, refusing nuclear co-operation. Sanctions were heaped on India. Indian nuclear scientists were unwelcome at international seminars in their field. 3. Post 9/11. In 2000, the US has moved to build a strategic partnership with India. The terrorists strike of 11 Sep 01 resulted in convergence of strategic interests of both the sides. India supported American actions whole heartedly and defence cooperation was at new heights. An agreement on Next Steps in Strategic Partnership (NSSP) was signed in Jan 2004 which included areas such as missile defence, cooperation in civilian nuclear, space programme and high technology trade. The foundation and indeed the underpinning of the nuclear agreement was the signing of a ten year New Framework for Defence Relationship (NFDR) in June 2005 as a prelude to the historic agreement of 18 Jul 05, when India and the US agreed to cooperate in the field of civilian nuclear agreement. Landmark Deal 4. On 18 Jul 2005, India and the US sign the landmark Civilian Nuclear Deal in Washington DC and surprise the world. The deal was signed by US President Mr George Bush and Indian Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh. The US dismantle the complex architecture that it had set up to isolate India after 1974 nuclear test and deny it access to civilian nuclear technology. 5. Hyde Act. On 18 Dec 2006, the US congress passed the Henry J Hyde United States-India peaceful atomic energy co-operation act 2006 (PAEC Act 2006) popularly called as ‘Hyde Act, amending the atomic energy act that had prohibited American entities from trading with countries that didnt sign the NPT or had done a nuclear test. India fitted into both categories. The US Senate voted emphatically in favor of 86 to 13. In reality, the Hyde Act is an enabling legi

claustrophobia Essay -- essays research papers fc

Claustrophobia Does Claustrophobia cause people to deviate from confined areas? The independent variable is claustrophobia, and the dependent variable is the confined areas. Our hypothesis to this question is yes claustrophobia can be cured and reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy. The issue of claustrophobia is very important due to its impact on an individuals everyday life, since it affects a number of individuals throughout the world. A phobia is an anxiety disorder that is shown by an irrational fear of confined spaces. This phobia can cause a person to stay away form confined spaces such as a crowded store, sporting and social events, as well as elevators that could bring on this irrational fear. In society this can cause a person not to take part in certain events. This phobia can also lead to the interference with riding on public transportation such as a plane, train, bus or subway. In this our findings will be evident by the research provided. Each of these specific statements below, w ill help draw a conclusion about claustrophobia: 1) Fear of Restriction and Suffocation 2) The Reduction of Claustrophobia(Part 1) 3) The Reduction of Claustrophobia (Part 2) 4) Virtual Reality Treatment of Claustrophobia Claustrophobia 2 Fear of Restriction and Suffocation Claustrophobic fear is a combination of the fear of suffocation and the fear of confinement. The view on this topic is supported from the responses from a questionnaire done before, during, and after a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan was performed. Patients who successfully completed a MRI scan found they experienced fear of confinement not suffocation. These MRI scans were done in long narrow cylindrical chambers, which are dark and restrictive as well as noisy. Although you are not in a sealed chamber, you can literally see the light at the end of the tunnel. Some other chambers that were used in other experiments were enclosed, and restrictive which leads the patient to believe that there is the possibil ity of suffocation. This study was performed over a three-week period on an outpatient basis at two teaching hospitals. There were seventy-eight people involved in this study, twenty-three males, mean average 51.61 years (S.D.=20.0), as well as fifty-five females, mean age 45.67 years (S.D.=15.3). They collected research data on three different occasions using the F.S.S. (fear survey ... ...litating and complex anxiety disorder. Claustrophobia 10 In conclusion, this paper has shown that claustrophobia does cause people to avoid confined areas. Each individual in these cases had their lives affected by this fear and with the proper treatment will be able to overcome it. With more cognitive and behavioral research, and those afflicted with this fear, claustrophobia can someday be a thing of the past. No longer will thousands have to suffer with this phobia, and maybe then they can go on with their lives and see the world in a whole different aspect, one with no anxiety and most of all no fear. Bibliography Booth, Richard; Rachman, S. (1992). The reduction of claustrophobia. Behavior Research & Therapy, 30(3), 207-221 Botella, C, Banos; R.M. Perpina; C. Villa; H. Alcaniz; M. Rey; A. (1998) Virtual Reality treatment of claustrophobia. Behavior Research & Therapy, 36(2) 239-246. Harris, Lynn M; Robinson; John Menzies; Ross G. (1999) Evidence for fear of Suffocation as components of claustrophobia. Behavior Research & Therapy, 37(2), 155-159 Shafran, R; Booth, R; Rachman, S. (1993). The reduction of claustrophobia. Behavior Research& Therapy 31(5), 75-85

Media Advertising - Colgate Advertising Strategies Over the Years Essay

A Look at Colgate Advertising Strategies Over the Years "To be, or not to be?" This is the question that plagues companies every year. The business is one of survival- survival of the fittest. Companies around the world are constantly scattering about, developing new weapons in nuclear advertisement. Having looked back at old strategies, it is interesting to see the strategies that worked have lasted over time. Since the April 5, 1937 edition of LIFE magazine, Colgate's advertisements have evolved to appeal to different audiences as seen in another ad in the January 1985 edition of LIFE. Though targeting different audiences over the past fifty years, Colgate has kept many of their original advertising strategies, but has changed their approach by introducing children as subject matter, leading parents to respond to the ad with their children in mind. A sort of sex appeal is visible in the 1950's commercial, mainly focusing on the fun that a man and a women can have if they both were to have nice breath. The Colgate advertisement in the fifties is focused towards an adult audience who are single and looking for ways of attracting the opposite sex. All the characters are portrayed as clean, single people. Ray, the man in the ad, seems to be a business man, though not the type to be swimming in money. Colgate wanted every man to be able to identify with Ray, and so placed him in what would probably have been the largest economic group. Not only would this allow the men in the audience to identify with the situation, but it would also attract the middle class and make it easier for them to relate and become involved with the ad as well. In the Colgate advertisement of the eighties, a question could be raised in contrast to... ...e the viewer is an average American, the ad forces the reader into a group- such as you are a mom, or one of those that love the taste- which gives reason for the viewer to by the product. Ultimately, Colgate has always tried to make their advertisements in a way that stops the reader from flipping the page by capturing his interest. Strategies used by Colgate in the fifties can be seen in the ad of the eighties, though the subject matter has changed and some of the strategies have become extinct. This subject matter, which includes the children from the eighties, became a very important factor in appealing to the audience. Likewise, the subject matter from the fifties, including the sex appeal, was probably very effective in that day. Because times have changed, neither of the ads would have fit in the others time, and would likewise probably not work in 1997.

Digital Age and Global marketing

Today in the area of sales and marketing, digital age or the age of internet has helped the marketers to connect to customers to help dramatically get associated with the various business processes and the rules there-of. The creation of a Digital age by getting equipped with vast web capabilities and technologies is the requirement in today’s information age to satisfy the informative demanding customer. Internet thus has helped as an important tool under the promotional mix categorized as a means for Direct Marketing.If marketers adopt it meaningfully, if they are in a position to conduct a dialogue based discussion on the web portal, if they can initiate a conversation between the customer and the firm, then it is considered to be the greatest strength of the company who will result in predicting the best business drivers required. Thus as we also are consumers of certain products, getting internet promotions pre-sales and post-sales is the need of the hour and is the cheap est form considered. But this web-based age does encourage networking between stakeholders and partners, having trade and consumer associations and person-to-person marketing.In the digital age marketing scenario, time and speed are the most important as it is also used as a tool to educate and inform the masses. Brick and click has thus proved to be advantageous to our digital consumers in the arena of cyber culture (Gmii. com, 2001). Prospective customers are definitely affected by privacy and hence would always prefer personal contact. Digital age should act as an advancement to develop another means for marketing but shouldn’t substitute the sales force.Despite the huge advantages of Digital Age, consumers are very secretive to have a transaction online because it affects their privacy which forces them to lose power of their personal issues. Surveillance by using technology to capture the personal information by using listening and spying devices in the age of dataveilla nce is what customers are skeptical about. Businesses should therefore develop something called as a trust infrastructure which vouches for the safety of information and builds better relationships. Thus buyers and sellers should transact without disclosing the identity and the authenticity of the other.Therefore consumers themselves must be given the control to use the digital age of media only if they feel the firm is worth relying upon. Consumers’ in-turn has to be very vigilant about the transactions they conduct on the web (Zwick, D. et al. 1999). A double bottom line system could be beneficial to the firm but it takes time to get successful results. Considering revenue diversification, mission and focusing on the cost effectiveness the best results could be achieved for which Digital age of marketing would facilitate the process in a speedy manner (Iff. org, 2008).

Hubspot Case Question Essay

1. Analyze HubSpot’s Marketing Mix in the context of an overallMarketing Strategy 2. Do you agree with HubSpot that the â€Å"rules of marketing† have changed? If so, how? Is inbound marketingthe answer? Why or why not? 3. Is HubSpot finding and serving the right set of customers? Given its position as a start-up company,should it widen its focus to serve any customer that comes its way? Or narrow their target, by focusingexclusively on either Owner Ollies or Marketer Marys? Or by focusing exclusively on either B2B or B2Ccustomers? 4. HubSpot has begun to differentiate its products as it has learned more about its customers. Should it domore? Should its pricing strategy change too? Does the software-as-a-service (SaaS) pricing model workfor both Marketer Marys and Owner Ollies? Should HubSpot try to immediately capture more value for either of these customers? 5. Are Halligan and Shah being too stubborn by not doing any outbound marketing? Or should they continueto practice what they preach by focusing on inbound marketing alone? 6. Halligan and Shah want HubSpot to be to marketing, what salesforce.com is to sales. What would your plan of action be to make this happen? Why would you take these actions? What keeps you up at nightabout your plan? This case follows the growth of HubSpot, an entrepreneurial venture which faces significant challenges including:developing a market segmentation, deciding which customer to serve and which customers to turn away,configuring a pricing strategy which is aligned with the value being delivered to customers, and determiningwhether inbound marketing programs can generate enough scale to grow the business or whethertraditionaloutbound marketing methods need to be employed to accelerate growth. The HubSpot case focuses on issuesaround marketing channels, specifically inbound marketing and the use of Web 2.0 tools and applications suchas blogging, search engine optimization, and social media

Comparison of Dutch Economy and German Econmy in Last 30 Years

Comparison of Economic Growth between The Netherlands and Germany (1978-2009) Introduction About 16 years ago, when European Community became European Union(hereinafter to be referred as EU) , the Netherlands and Germany, as two founding members of the EU, have been played an important role in European and world's economy. When talked about Dutch economy, East indies company must be a start. As the first company in the world, it helped the Netherlands to be the leader of world's economy seventeenth century and to build Dutch entrepreneurship. The capital city of the Netherlands, Amsterdam, use to be the financial and business centre of the world. Later, Dutch economy has seen by many declined for a while. But, since 1980s, dutch government has reduced intervention, dutch economy become more prosperous and open again. To the east of the Netherlands, Germany stands in the central europe, as the largest national economy in Europe, ranked fourth by nominal GDP and fifth by GDP (PPP) in the world in 2008. After the industrialization, this country has become a driver and innovator in global economy. Especially when west and east Germany unified in 1990, the country's economy went out from the recession after second war's big hit. Compared these two countries' economic development, there are a lot similarities and differences due to its close position in Europe continent, culture background, and even history. This paper is organized as follow. Section 2 introduces briefly the concepts of economic growth and the key concepts in measuring economic development, section 3 explains how rule of law effect economic development in the Netherlands and Germany, section 4 presents the relationship between income distribution and economic development, section 5 describes cultural influence on economic development, section 6 consists of examples of successful entrepreneurship in the Netherlands and Germany, section 6 deals with the technology factor in economy in the two countries. Section 8 comprises comparison and conclusion. Section 1 1. 1 To start with the comparison,we need to define what economic growth is and the key concepts of economic development. At first, the economic growth we are going to study is long-run economic growth. Long-run economic growth is the growth of what an economy is able to produce given its labour force, knowledge, technology, tools, machines, land. It is not about the growth of what an economy actually produces, that type of economic growth is short-run economic growth. Economic growth implies increases in per-capita real gross domestic product (GDP), namely widening of the production scale in a country as a whole, or more efficient use of its economic resources to produce goods and services(Kibritcioglu, 2001). Real GDP is the value of final goods and services produced in a given year when valued at constant prices. It is the best measure of total production and the increase in real GDP is used to measure economic growth, as by comparing the value of the goods and services produced at constant prices we can measure the change in the quantity of production (Parkin, 2008, pp. 91). 1. 2 figures in the Netherlands and Germany Figure 1: GDP growth in percentage in the Netherlands and Germany(1978-2007) [pic] Source: WDI(world development indicators) online 2007, the World Bank Group Figure 2: GDP growth per capita in percentage in the Netherlands and Germany(1978- 2007) [pic] Source: WDI(world development indicators) online 2007, the World Bank Group Fi gure 1 and figure 2 show the annual GDP growth and GDP per capita growth in percentage in the Netherlands and Germany from 1978 to 2007. As in figure 1 and figure 2, from 1978 to 1982, the Netherlands and Germany both suffered an economics recession, with the annual GDP growth in percentage declining from 2. 33% in 1978 to -1. 21% in 1982 in the Netherlands and 3. 01% in 1978 to -0. 39% in 1982 in Germany. Then the Netherlands and Germany both experienced fluctuations in GDP growth. Especially in 1990, the Netherlands had a sharp rise from -1. 21% in 1990 to 4. 42% in 1989 and Germany experienced a sharp increase in 1990 from -0. 39% to 5. 26%, which is the highest growth rate for Germany in last 30 year. Afterwards, it shows a different trend between the Netherlands and Germany. The GDP growth declined to 1. 26% in 1993 and raised again till 4. 68% in 1999, while German GDP growth declined to 2. 01% in 1999 steadily. In the next 10 years, Dutch growth rate decreased till 0. 08% again as the lowest rate and then the rate slowly went up and became steady in recent years. Germany also showed the same pattern but the rate is lower than the Netherlands in general. Though the figures, we can see the Netherlands and Germany have a lot common in GDP growth rate and GDP per capita growth rate. Economy in these two countries are likely to be steady. Only in some year like 1982, 1990, 1993, 1999, 2002, it showed a sharp rise or decline. So, what happened in these remarkable years? What caused the difference in growth rate between the Netherlands and Germany? In the following sections we will discuss four key concepts related to economic growth in order to see through these problems. Section 2 2. 1 Economic freedom Economic theory indicates that economic freedom affects incentives, productive effort, and the effectiveness of resource use(de Haan,2000). We start with definition of the economic freedom:â€Å"Individuals have economic freedom when (a) property they acquire without the use of force, fraud, or theft is protected from physical invasions by others, and (b) they are free to use, exchange, or give their property to another as long as their actions do not violate the identical rights of others†(Gwartney et al. , 1996). Moreover, the key indicators of economic freedom are personal choice, voluntary exchange coordinated by markets, freedom to enter and compete in markets, and protection of persons and their property from aggression by others (Robert, 2006). In this paper, we use the indicators of the Fraser Institute. Gwartney et al. (1996) choose 17 measures and rate a high number of countries on each of these measures on a scale of 0–10, in which zero means that a country is completely unfree and 10 means it is completely free. The measures are in four broad areas: Money and inflation; Government operations and regulations; ‘Takings’’ and discriminatory taxation; and International exchange(de Haan,2000). 2. 2 Figures analysis Figure 3: level and ranking of economic freedom of the Netherlands(1970-2006) [pic]Source: freetheworld. om 2008, The Fraser Institute Figure 4: level and ranking of economic freedom of Germany(1970-2006) [pic] Source: freetheworld. com 2008, The Fraser Institute Though these two figures, we can see the Netherlands and Germany had the same pattern during last 30 years and they both got a high rate, which means they were both free to a large extent in economy. After 1980, the rate in the Netherlands was a little higher than the rate in Germany, but both are very stable. Compared with the rest of the world, the economy in the Netherlands and Germany are comparatively free. . 3 Results After we look though the GDP growth rate and economic freedom rate, we found there is a relationship between those two figures. More economic freedom fosters economic growth, but that the level of freedom is not related to growth. In other words, our findings suggest that more economic freedom will bring countries more quickly to their steady state level of economic growthif they are below that level. , but that the level of steady state growth is not affected by the level of economic freedom(de Haan and Sturm, 1994). And always the countries with more economic freedom can achieve higher levels of GDP per capital and grow faster (Lawson & Moor Chair, 2006). So we can say high economic freedom rate do contribute to high GDP growth rate, and steady economic freedom also has a positive effect on economic growth. Section 3(income distribution) 3. 1 income distribution Section 4 (Culture) 4. 1 Culture As Hofstede said the world is full of confrontations between people, groups, and nations who think, feel, and act differently. At the same time, these people, groups, and nations, are exposed to common problems that demand cooperation for their solution(2004, p2). Those confrontations and cooperation are called culture. Using the Hofstede's â€Å"Onion† model to depicts four cultural concepts: symbols represent the most superficial and values the deepest manifestations of culture, with heroes and rituals in between(2004, p6). Economic development will not stop at national borders. Globalization also require us to deal with culture differences and all the countries should work more closely than ever. 4. 2 Dimensions of Culture Five dimensions were frequently used to measure culture difference: power distance(PDI), the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally(Hofstede, 2004, p46); Individualism(IDV), pertains to societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family(Hofstede, 2004, p76); Masculinity(MAS): A society is called masculine when emotional gender roles are clearly distinct(Hofstede, 2004, p120); Uncertainty Avoidance(UAI), the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations(Hofstede, 2004, p167); Long-term Orientation(LTO), the fostering of virtues oriented toward future rewards, in particular, perseverance and thrift(Hofstede, 2004, p210). Following is the index scores of Germany and the Netherlands, compared with the World's average. Figure 5: Culture dimensio ns' index scores of Germany(1967-2001) [pic] Note: The Germany's Index Scores:PDI=35, IDV=67,MAS=66,UAI=65,LTO=31 Sources: from IBM data base(1967-2001),except LTO from original Chinese Value Survey database(2005) Figure 6: Culture dimensions' index scores of the Netherlands(1967-2001) [pic] Note: The Netherlands' Index Scores:PDI=38, IDV=80,MAS=14,UAI=53,LTO=44 Sources: from IBM data base(1967-2001),except LTO from original Chinese Value Survey database(2005) Figure 7: Culture dimensions' average index scores of the World(1967-2001) [pic] Note: The world' Average Index Scores:PDI=55, IDV=43,MAS=50,UAI=64,LTO=45 Sources: from IBM data base(1967-2001), except LTO from original Chinese Value Survey database(2005). According to the figures above, we can see PDI in these two countries are lower than average,which means people in these two countries are more equally treated than the rest of the world. For IDV index, the Netherlands and Germany are both societies with more individualistic attitudes, people there are more self-reliant and look after themselves or their close family members, also, individual pride and respect are more highly held values than world's average. When talked about uncertainty avoidance, Germany scored a little higher than the Netherlands, which shows it's a country will reduce the level of uncertainty by enhancing laws, policies and regulations to avoid unknown circumstances. In LTO, the Netherlands scores higher than Germany, which indicates its long-term oriented culture. But compared with the world's average,the Netherlands and Germany scored more or less in above four dimensions, except in Masculinity, the Netherlands got a lowest score at 14 among its dimensions which indicates a lower level of differentiation and discrimination between men and women. In Netherlands, women are treated more equally than Germany. Though every country has its own culture background,economic development will not stop at national borders. Globalization requires us to deal with culture differences and work more closely with other countries than ever. Nuclear warfare, global warming, poverty, AIDS, even recent economic recession are all good examples for global cooperation. Section5 (Entrepreneurship) Reference Kibritcioglu, A. and S. Dibooglu, ‘Long-run Economic Growth: An Interdisciplinary Approach,’ Office of Research Working Paper No. 01-0121, University of Illinois 2001 (http://www. business. uiuc. edu/Working_Papers/papers/01-0121. pdf ): Parkin, M. (2008). Economics(8th ed). Boston: Pearson Education. J. De Haan and J. -E. Sturm, On the relationship between economic freedom and economic growth, European Journal of Political Economy 16(2000), pp. 215–241. Gwartney, J. , Lawson, R. , Block, W. , 1996. Economic Freedom in the World, 1975–1995. Fraser Institute,Vancouver. Cowell, F. A. , 1999, â€Å"Measurement of Inequality† in Atkinson, A. B. and F. Bourguignon (eds) Handbook of Income Distribution, North Holland, Amsterdam. Hofstede, G. (2004) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill International. Wealth, Culture, and Corruption Bryan W. Husted and Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (2nd Qtr. , 1999), pp. 339-359 http://www. jstor. org/stable/155316